# SDV Domains and Two-Speed Delivery

## SDV Domains

Let us now explore the different **Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV)** domains, and how they can best be supported by a Two-Speed Delivery Model. The main vehicle domains include **AD ADAS**, **Motion**, **Energy**, **Body & Comfort**, and **Vehicle Experience**, encompassing **Infotainment** and **Value-Added Services**. 

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Each domain contributes unique functionalities and carries varying levels of safety-critical requirements, categorized into **ASIL** and **QM** ratings.

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## AD/ADAS

The **AD/ADAS (Automated Driving / Advanced Driver Assistance Systems)** domain includes systems like:

#### ASIL Functions:

* **Lane Keeping Assist**: Maintains the vehicle within lane boundaries.
* **Adaptive Cruise Control**: Maintains speed and distance relative to other vehicles.
* **Fully Automated Driving**: Self-driving capabilities requiring robust functional safety.
* **Electric Power Steering**: Essential for precise control and safety.

#### QM or ASIL-A Functions:

* **Camera Display Systems**: Provides visual alerts about vehicles in blind spots. These are rated QM or ASIL-A as they only inform the driver without taking corrective action.
* **Traffic Sign Recognition**: Detects and displays signs like speed limits for driver awareness, typically QM or ASIL-A due to limited safety implications.
* **Basic Parking Assist**: Alerts the driver of nearby obstacles but does not intervene in steering or braking, making it QM or ASIL-A.

<figure><img src="https://392531723-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FRqBHYU6DD895ydQm5PcS%2Fuploads%2FdqO6VDVudOQomA7IPCpX%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=684d29aa-472c-4830-b05b-3621e32d8b78" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Motion

The **Motion domain** focuses on core driving and vehicle control functions.

#### ASIL Functions:

* **Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS)**: Prevents wheel lock during braking.
* **Electronic Stability Control (ESC)**: Maintains vehicle stability during maneuvers.
* **Brake-by-Wire Systems**: Replaces mechanical braking with electronic systems.
* **Electronic Power Steering (EPS)**: Ensures precise steering control.

#### QM or ASIL-A Functions:

* **Powertrain Modes**: Eco or Sport driving settings enhance user experience without impacting safety-critical systems.
* **Non-Critical Drivetrain Adjustments**: Torque distribution or shift patterns for improved driving feel.
* **Suspension Settings for Comfort**: Adjustable modes like soft or firm improve ride quality.
* **Cosmetic Bumpers**: Provide minor protection and aesthetics but are non-safety-critical.

<figure><img src="https://392531723-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FRqBHYU6DD895ydQm5PcS%2Fuploads%2FJKH4uUelF0aXgpIWh9MF%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=5ba7892a-6688-47ad-ae3c-f1202603f262" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Energy

The **Energy domain** differs significantly across electric, hybrid, and combustion vehicles.

#### ASIL Functions:

* **Battery Management Systems (BMS)**: Monitors and controls battery performance.
* **High Voltage Distribution Systems**: Ensures safe power delivery.
* **Thermal Management Systems**: Regulates operating temperatures.
* **Regenerative Braking**: Recaptures energy during braking.
* **Onboard Charging Control**: Manages electric vehicle charging processes.

#### QM or ASIL-A Functions:

* **Battery Charge Level Display**: Provides status without impacting safety.
* **Auxiliary Power Management**: Controls non-critical electrical systems.
* **Solar Panel Integration**: Enhances energy efficiency but is non-safety-critical.

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## Body & Comfort

The **Body & Comfort domain** spans structural and convenience features, with safety-critical and non-critical elements.

#### ASIL Functions:

* **Seat Belt Pre-Tensioners**: Tighten belts during crashes for occupant safety.
* **Airbag Systems**: Deploy to protect occupants during collisions.
* **Door Locking Systems**: Maintain security and safety.
* **Active Head Restraints**: Minimize whiplash injuries.
* **Pedestrian Protection Systems**: Reduce injury risks in collisions.

#### QM Functions:

* **HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)**: Maintains cabin comfort.
* **Power Seat Adjustments**: Customizes seating positions.
* **Sunroof Operations**: Adds convenience without impacting safety.
* **Power Windows and Mirrors**: Enhances usability.

<figure><img src="https://392531723-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FRqBHYU6DD895ydQm5PcS%2Fuploads%2F6uB7Y86U5W2LonPZDSFS%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=cbc64974-b431-4214-9f86-432eb57e527d" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Vehicle Experience

The **Vehicle Experience domain** focuses on overall user experience, primarily rated QM.

#### QM Functions:

* **Personalized Settings**: Tailored user profiles for comfort and convenience.
* **Passenger Welcome Sequences**: Algorithms that adjust the seat and open doors based on user preferences.

These QM algorithms often interact with ASIL-rated systems through safe APIs. For example, a welcome sequence algorithm may open doors (ASIL-rated) but remains non-critical itself.

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## Infotainment

The **Infotainment domain** enhances the driving experience through connectivity and entertainment features, generally rated QM.

#### QM Functions:

* **Audio Systems**: Manage sound entertainment.
* **Navigation Systems**: Provide real-time routing and traffic updates.
* **Media Controls and Displays**: Offer user-friendly interfaces for controlling media.
* **Smartphone Integration**: Connects mobile devices to the vehicle.

Infotainment warnings (e.g., attention prompts) inform drivers but do not control safety-critical systems, keeping them out of the ASIL domain.

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## Value-Added Services

The **Value-Added Services domain** focuses on convenience and innovation, also primarily rated QM.

#### QM Functions:

* **Subscription-Based Features**: Unlockable digital services.
* **Non-Critical Predictive Maintenance**: Offers proactive notifications without safety implications.
* **Smart Home Integration**: Connects vehicles to home automation systems.
* **E-Commerce and Sustainability Services**: Adds functionality without affecting safety.

<figure><img src="https://392531723-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FRqBHYU6DD895ydQm5PcS%2Fuploads%2Fb9fOC4KO2FTTEMkvet72%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=ac320226-99b2-4600-a0e1-8d3c286f79fa" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## SDV Domains: Summary

Each domain maps differently to the ASIL vs. QM framework:

* **ASIL-Dominant**: AD ADAS, Motion, Energy.
* **QM-Dominant**: Vehicle Experience, Infotainment, Value-Added Services.
* **Mixed**: Body & Comfort.

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## Two-Speed Delivery Model

Implementing a **two-speed delivery model** for Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) requires a clear understanding of **QM** and **ASIL** ratings to effectively balance fast innovation with safety compliance. This approach ensures seamless integration and efficient resource allocation while addressing both safety-critical and non-critical domains.

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### Aligning Speed with Safety Requirements

* **QM Systems**: Enable faster iterations and agile development for non-critical features.
* **ASIL Systems**: Require rigorous, slower validation processes to meet functional safety standards.

### Optimizing Resource Allocation

* **Agile Teams**: Focus on QM domains to accelerate development cycles.
* **Specialized Teams**: Handle safety-critical ASIL systems, ensuring compliance and robustness.

### Ensuring Smooth Integration

Differentiating QM and ASIL ratings avoids conflicts between safety-critical and non-critical domains, enabling:

* Clear separation of development workflows.
* Harmonized interactions across domains.

### Balancing Innovation and Compliance

Encourage rapid development in QM areas while maintaining stringent safety standards for ASIL-rated functions. This dual approach fosters:

* Continuous innovation.
* Regulatory compliance.

### Mitigating Risks Effectively

Fast updates in QM domains are carefully managed to ensure they do not compromise the reliability of ASIL systems. This minimizes risks while maximizing flexibility.

The two-speed delivery model enables SDV developers to address the diverse requirements of modern vehicles, combining agility and safety to drive innovation without sacrificing reliability.

By aligning development strategies with domain-specific requirements, OEMs can optimize both user experience and functional safety.